Middle Ear, Mastoid Surgery, Rhinological/Endoscopic Sinus Surgery, and ENT Haemorrhagic Crises — WACS Viva & Clinical Scenarios (ENT & Ophthalmology)

Exam-style middle ear, mastoid surgery, rhinological/endoscopic sinus surgery, and ent haemorrhagic crises viva scenarios with examiner probes and model…

Scenarios covered

• SCENARIO 1: A 7-year-old boy (ASA III E) presents 6 days post-tonsillectomy actively vomiting large quantities of dark and bright red blood; he is pale, cold, lethargic, with HR 155 bpm, BP 75/40 mmHg, and capillary refill time 4 seconds. Detail your resuscitation and anaesthetic induction sequence for surgical haemostasis.
• SCENARIO 2: A 32-year-old male (ASA I) is scheduled for right tympanoplasty and ossiculoplasty. Detail your plan regarding nitrous oxide use, middle ear pressure dynamics, facial nerve monitoring, and strategies for a completely bloodless microscopic field.
• SCENARIO 3: A 42-year-old hypertensive female (ASA II) undergoes FESS for extensive nasal polyposis. Explain how you will achieve a dry, clear endoscopic surgical field while ensuring adequate vital organ perfusion.
• SCENARIO 4: A 65-year-old male with severe posterior epistaxis refractory to anterior and posterior nasal packing presents with blood trickling down his oropharynx and BP 190/110 mmHg. Formulate your anaesthetic management plan for sphenopalatine artery ligation.